摘要:通过查阅古代本草、方书、医籍等资料，结合近现代文献，笔者对经典名方中藁本药材的名称、基原、产地、品质评价、采收加工及炮制方法等进行考证，为经典名方开发中藁本药材的选择与使用提供依据。经考证可知，历代皆以藁本为正名，但其别名甚多。历代所用藁本的主流基原植物为藁本Ligusticum sinense和辽藁本L. jeholense，此外，尚有细叶藁本、滇芹、鞘山芎（新疆藁本）、水藁本等在不同地区习用。近代以来关于其学名考订的历史较为复杂，许多外国学者曾给出过不同的学名，然多与我国古代所用藁本情况不符，系因外国学者未能采集我国所用藁本药材对应的原植物进行准确鉴定所致。新中国成立后经过系统的原植物调查整理，明确藁本正品基原为伞形科植物藁本或辽藁本。藁本分布于黄河中上游及以南地区，现于四川、湖北、湖南、江西等地有少量生产。辽藁本分布于黄河中下游及以北地区，现于辽宁、河北等地有较多栽培；古代藁本的采收期多集中于正月、二月，以根粗大、干燥、气香、质重者为佳，现则多于春季出苗前及秋季叶枯后采集根及根茎，以个大、干燥、色黄、质坚、气香、根须少、残基短者为佳；历代炮制方法以生品为主流，尚有炒制、研末等。基于考证结果，建议经典名方开发所用藁本采用藁本L. sinense或辽藁本L. jeholense的根及根茎，原方未注明炮制要求的可以生品入药。
Abstract:By referring to the materials of ancient materia medica， prescriptions and medical books， combining with modern literature， this paper made textual research on the name， origin， producing area， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing methods of Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix in famous classical formulas， so as to provide a basis for the selection and use of Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix in the development of famous classical formulas. Through textual research， it can be seen that Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix is the correct name in all dynasties， but it still has many aliases. The main strain of Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix was Ligusticum sinense and L. jeholense， in addition， there are also L. tenuissimum， Sinodielsia yunnanensis， and Conioselinum vaginatum， L. sinense var. hupehense used in different regions. Since modern times， the textual examination of its scientific name is more complicated. Different foreign scholars have given many scientific names from their local observation， but most of them do not match the actual situation of Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix in ancient China. It is probably because they did not collect the original plants of Chinese Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix and conduct accurate identification. After the founding of the People's Republic of China， the L. sinense and L. jeholense was identified as the original plants through systematic investigation and arrangement of Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix. Since modern times， L. sinense is distributed in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River and the south of the region， a small amount of production in Sichuan， Hubei， Hunan and Jiangxi. L. jeholense is distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the north of the region， mostly produced in Liaoning and Hebei. The ancient harvesting period of Ligustici Rhizoma et Radix was concentrated in January and February according to the lunar calendar with thick roots， dry， fragrant， heavy quality as the best. But now the collection of roots and rhizome more than concentrated in spring before seedling emergence and autumn when leaves were gone， and take the large， dry， yellow， strong， fragrant， less roots， residual short as the best. In the past dynasties， raw products were the main processing methods， and there were also roasting， grinding and so on. Based on the research results， it is suggested that the raw roots and rhizomes of L. sinense and L. jeholense should be used in the development of famous classical formulas.